Flattening and circular flattening

Early printing machines were mainly flat press and circular press structures. Flattening type, both the printing plate and the embossing plate are flat, like pressing a seal with force, with high pressure but small size and slow speed. The circular flattening type allows the flat printing plate to cooperate with the drum type embossing plate, and the drum rolls to apply pressure, resulting in longer and more uniform contact time, and improved printing format and efficiency. These two structures are important steps for printing machines to move from manual to mechanical power, laying the foundation for the birth of high-speed rotary printing machines and leaving a profound impression on the history of book and ticket printing.